TestNG参数化测试

TestNG中的另一个有趣的功能是参数化测试。在大多数情况下，您会遇到业务逻辑需要大量测试的场景。参数化测试允许开发人员使用不同的值一次又一次地运行相同的测试。

TestNG可以通过两种不同的方式将参数直接传递给测试方法：

使用testng.xml
使用数据提供者

在本教程中，我们将向您展示如何通过XML @Parameters或@DataProvider将参数传递给@Test方法。

1.创建项目

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.1</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>TestNGParam</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>TestNGParam</name>
    <description>TestNGParam</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>6.8.7</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.2</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <defaultGoal>compile</defaultGoal>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.使用XML传递参数

在此示例中，filename属性从testng.xml传递，并通过@Parameters注入到该方法中。

TestParameterXML.java


import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class TestParameterXML {

    Connection con;

    @Test
    @Parameters({ "dbconfig", "poolsize" })
    public void createConnection(String dbconfig, int poolsize) {

        System.out.println("dbconfig : " + dbconfig);
        System.out.println("poolsize : " + poolsize);

        Properties prop = new Properties();
        InputStream input = null;

        try {
            // get properties file from project classpath
            String path = System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\"+dbconfig;

            System.out.println("path => "+path);
            //input = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(path);

            //prop.load(input);
            prop.load(new FileInputStream(dbconfig));

            String drivers = prop.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
            String connectionURL = prop.getProperty("jdbc.url");
            String username = prop.getProperty("jdbc.username");
            String password = prop.getProperty("jdbc.password");

            System.out.println("drivers : " + drivers);
            System.out.println("connectionURL : " + connectionURL);
            System.out.println("username : " + username);
            System.out.println("password : " + password);

            Class.forName(drivers);
            con = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionURL, username, password);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            //e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (input != null) {
                try {
                    input.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    //e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }

}

db.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

testng.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<suite name="test-parameter">

    <test name="example1">

        <parameter name="dbconfig" value="db.properties" />
        <parameter name="poolsize" value="10" />

        <classes>
            <class name="com.example.testngparam.TestParameterXML" />
        </classes>

    </test>

</suite>

运行日志如下：


dbconfig : db.properties
poolsize : 10
path => D:\code\javaTest\TestNGParam\db.properties

===============================================
test-parameter
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

3.通过@DataProvider传递参数

查看一个简单的@DataProvider示例，传递一个int参数。

创建一个名称为：TestParameterDataProvider.java 的文件，其代码如下所示


import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class TestParameterDataProvider {

    @Test(dataProvider = "provideNumbers")
    public void test(int number, int expected) {
        Assert.assertEquals(number + 10, expected);
    }

    @DataProvider(name = "provideNumbers")
    public Object[][] provideData() {

        return new Object[][] { { 10, 20 }, { 100, 110 }, { 200, 210 } };
    }

}

运行日志如下：

PASSED: test(10, 20)
PASSED: test(100, 110)
PASSED: test(200, 210)

===============================================
    Default test
    Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================


===============================================
Default suite
Total tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Skips: 0

@DataProvider支持传递一个对象参数。下面的例子显示了如何传递一个Map对象作为参数。创建一个名称为：TestParameterDataProvider2.java 的文件，其代码如下所示


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class TestParameterDataProvider2 {

    @Test(dataProvider = "dbconfig")
    public void testConnection(Map<String, String> map) {

        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
            System.out.println("[Key] : " + entry.getKey() + " [Value] : " + entry.getValue());
        }

    }

    @DataProvider(name = "dbconfig")
    public Object[][] provideDbConfig() {
        Map<String, String> map = readDbConfig();
        return new Object[][] { { map } };
    }

    public Map<String, String> readDbConfig() {

        Properties prop = new Properties();
        InputStream input = null;
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();

        try {
            input = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");

            prop.load(input);

            map.put("jdbc.driver", prop.getProperty("jdbc.driver"));
            map.put("jdbc.url", prop.getProperty("jdbc.url"));
            map.put("jdbc.username", prop.getProperty("jdbc.username"));
            map.put("jdbc.password", prop.getProperty("jdbc.password"));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (input != null) {
                try {
                    input.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        return map;

    }

}

运行日志：


[Key] : jdbc.password [Value] : 123456
[Key] : jdbc.username [Value] : root
[Key] : jdbc.url [Value] : jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
[Key] : jdbc.driver [Value] : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

===============================================
Default Suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

4.@DataProvider + 方法

此示例显示如何根据测试方法名称传递不同的参数。创建一个名称为：TestParameterDataProvider3.java 的文件，其代码如下所示


import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class TestParameterDataProvider3 {

    @Test(dataProvider = "dataProvider")
    public void test1(int number, int expected) {
        Assert.assertEquals(number, expected);
    }

    @Test(dataProvider = "dataProvider")
    public void test2(String email, String expected) {
        Assert.assertEquals(email, expected);
    }

    @DataProvider(name = "dataProvider")
    public Object[][] provideData(Method method) {

        Object[][] result = null;

        if (method.getName().equals("test1")) {
            result = new Object[][] {
                    { 1, 1 }, { 200, 200 }
            };
        } else if (method.getName().equals("test2")) {
            result = new Object[][] {
                    { "test@gmail.com", "test@gmail.com" },
                    { "test@yahoo.com", "test@yahoo.com" }
            };
        }

        return result;

    }

}

5.@DataProvider + ITestContext

在TestNG中，我们可以使用org.testng.ITestContext来确定调用当前测试方法的运行时参数。在最后一个例子中，我们将演示如何根据包含的分组名称传递参数。

TestParameterDataProvider4.java

import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.ITestContext;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class TestParameterDataProvider4 {

    @Test(dataProvider = "dataProvider", groups = {"groupA"})
    public void test1(int number) {
        Assert.assertEquals(number, 1);
    }

    @Test(dataProvider = "dataProvider", groups = "groupB")
    public void test2(int number) {
        Assert.assertEquals(number, 2);
    }

    @DataProvider(name = "dataProvider")
    public Object[][] provideData(ITestContext context) {

        Object[][] result = null;

        //get test name
        //System.out.println(context.getName());

        for (String group : context.getIncludedGroups()) {

            System.out.println("group : " + group);

            if ("groupA".equals(group)) {
                result = new Object[][] { { 1 } };
                break;
            }

        }

        if (result == null) {
            result = new Object[][] { { 2 } };
        }
        return result;

    }

}

testng4.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<suite name="test-parameter">

    <test name="example1">

        <groups>
            <run>
                <include name="groupA" />
            </run>
        </groups>

        <classes>
            <class name="com.example.testngparam.DataProvider.TestParameterDataProvider4" />
        </classes>

    </test>

</suite>

运行日志如下：


group : groupA

===============================================
test-parameter
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

10.TestNG参数化测试

TestNG参数化测试

2.使用XML传递参数

3.通过@DataProvider传递参数

4.@DataProvider + 方法

5.@DataProvider + ITestContext

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